Oyun, çocuklar için doğaldır. Zaten doğduklarından itibaren herşeyle oyun oynayabilirler; elleri ve ayaklarıyla, , seslerle, giysiler ve oyuncaklarla, hatta içeri giren güneş ışınlarıyla bile. Yetişkinler de vakit geçirmek için, işten kaçmak için, sosyalleşmek için, ya da sadece eğlenmek için oyun oynarlar. (Bkz. PS3, Farmville, okey, tavla, Tabu, paintball, Papaz kaçtı, dart, pişti, poker, vs.) Ama çocuklar vakit geçirmek için oyun oynamazlar. Oyun oynamak çocuğun işidir ve çok önemli bir işlevi vardır. Oyun, çocuğun ihtiyaç duyduğu becerileri öğrenmesini ve hayatı boyunca gireceği rolleri deneyimlemesini sağlar. Oyun, çocuğun fiziksel, sosyal, bilişsel(zihinsel) ve duygusal gelişimine yardımcı olur. Bu alanların her birinde motivasyon sağlar ve uygulama imkanı verir.*
Özgürce oynama imkanı verilen çocuk, fiziksel açıdan limitlerini sınar. ‘Ne kadar yükseğe tırmanabilirim, ne kadar hızlı koşabilirim, bu bibloyu ne kadar uzağa atabilirim’in cevabını bulmaya çalışır. Bu sayede cesaretini de test eder ve kendine güveni oluşur.
Sosyal açıdan, işbirliği yapmayı, paylaşmayı, lider olayı, uzlaşmayı, *arkadaş edinmeyi ve kendi çıkarını korumayı öğrenir.
Bilişsel açıdan, oyun oynarken yaratıcılık, mantık (sebep-sonuç ilişkisi kurma) ve problem çözme becerileri gelişir. Oyun, çocuğun araştırmasını, deneyler yapıp yeni şeyler keşfetmesini sağlar.
Duygusal açıdan keyif alma, beraber olma ve başarma duygusunu yaşayan çocuk kendiyle ilgili olumlu bir algı oluşturur. Oyun, çocuğa değişen ve zorlayan dünyada, yaşama coşkusu verir.
Oyun ile gelişim arasındaki bağı farkeden birçok anne-baba çocukları için oyun grupları düzenlerler. Çocukların önceden belirlenmiş bir zaman ve yerde biraraya gelerek oyun oynamalarını sağlayabilirler. Ancak yetişkinler çoğu zaman kurallı oyunları (saklambaç,*
yakan top, sandalye kapmaca gibi) ya da sınırlı oyunları (yapboz, satranç, hafıza kartları gibi) önerirler. Bu tarz oyunların çocuğun gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu kesindir ama ‘yaratıcı oyun’un yerini tutamazlar.*
Yaratıcı oyunda, amacı ve kullanılacak araçları(oyuncakları) tamamen çocuk belirler. Bazen de çocuklar hiç bir amaç olmadan öylesine oynarlar. Kendi kurallarını koyarlar ya da kural koymamayı tercih edebilirler. Kullanılan araçların çoğu zaman duruma göre değişen farklı işlevleri olur. Tencere, bazen davul, bazen tabure, bazen de masa olabilir. Masaların altı çadır ya da mağara, oklava ise bir at olabilir. Çocukken çarşaflardan çadır kurduğunu ya da kazağı başına geçirip uzun saç yaptığınızı belki hatırlayabilirsiniz.
Çocukların gelişimi için çok kıymetli olan yaratıcı oyun, yetişkinlere dert olabilir. Bir sürü oyuncağı dururken tencerelerle oynamak isteyen çocuk anne-babayı şaşırtabilir. *Nesneleri etrafa fırlatan çocuğun annesi, ortalığı dağıttığı için çocuğuna kızabilir. Araştırmalar, çocukların ‘etrafı dağıtırken’ ya da aynı anlamsız davranışı ‘tekrar tekrar’ yaparken çok şey öğrendiklerini göstermektedir. Yaratıcı oyunda hiç bir sınırlama yoktur, zaten çocuklar için her yer oyun alanı, her şey oyuncaktır. Yaratıcı oyun, çocuğun büyüyüp kendine güvenen, yaşamayı seven, başarılı bir kişi olması için ilk ve temel adımdır.
Çocuğunuzun yaratıcı oyun oynamasına mutlaka fırsat verin. Sizin hoşunuza gitmeyen durumlar için zaman ve mekan sınırlaması yaparak ‘kazan-kazan’ çözümleri bulabilirsiniz. Örneğin, uygun bir saatte sadece odasında tencerelerle müzik yapmasına ya da haftada bir kere 1-2 saat süreyle salonda çadır kurmasına izin verebilirsiniz. *Yaratıcı oyunun en güzel örneği evciliktir. Sanıldığı gibi sadece kız çocuklarına özgü de değildir. Evcilik, doktorculuk, öğretmencilik gibi hayali oyunlarda ‘mış gibi’ ya da ‘şakacıktan’ yöntemiyle her şey her şeye dönüşebilir.*
Çocuğun kendi başına oyunu kuramadığını farkederseniz yardım edebilirsiniz. ‘Burası okulmuş, sen de öğretmensin, hadi şimdi bebeklerine ya da arabalarına ders anlat.’ diyerek yaratıcı oyunu başlatıp çocuğunuzun kendikendine devam etmesini sağlayabilirsiniz. Çocuğunuzun mutsuz ya da tehlikede olduğunu farkettiğiniz durumlar dışında oyuna müdahale etmenize gerek yoktur. Ama zaman zaman çocuğunuzun yaratıcı oyununa katılmanız eminim O’nun çok ama çok hoşuna gidecektir.
Kaynaklar:
Early Years Play & Learning/ Pat Broadhead
Çocuklarımızı Büyütürken Nerede Yanlış Yapıyoruz?/ Erdal Atabek
Çocuk Yetiştirmede Oyunun Önemi/ Stevanne Auerbach
Nature and Young Children/ Ruth Wilson
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